Sunscreens

For daily incidental sun exposure, dermatologists generally recommend SPF 30 or higher; for prolonged outdoor activities, water exposure, or intense sun, choose SPF 50 or higher and reapply more frequently

Mineral sunscreens use zinc oxide or titanium dioxide to reflect UV rays and often work immediately after application, while chemical sunscreens absorb UV radiation through organic filters and usually need about 15 minutes to become effective; skin sensitivity and texture preferences typically guide the choice

Reapply every two hours when outdoors and immediately after swimming, sweating, or towel drying; use roughly one ounce (a shot-glass amount) to cover the entire body and a nickel-to-quarter sized amount for the face

Water-resistant sunscreens are formulated to maintain claimed SPF protection for a set time while swimming or sweating (commonly 40 or 80 minutes), but they still require reapplication after that period or after towel drying

Look for mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide or titanium dioxide), non-comedogenic and fragrance-free labels, and lightweight or gel formulations; patch-test new products and consult a dermatologist if you have severe sensitivity or acne

Price reflects ingredients (mineral vs chemical), formulation (tinted, reef-safe, added skincare actives), brand positioning, and packaging; higher price doesn't always mean better UV protection—check SPF, broad-spectrum labeling, and water resistance instead