Compasses

Choose a baseplate (orienteering) compass with a transparent rectangular base, ruler markings, and a rotating bezel for map work; choose a liquid-filled or lensatic compass for straightforward direction finding. Consider scale, declination adjustment, and sighting features based on whether you need precise map navigation or simple bearings

Key features include a stable, liquid-filled capsule for steady needle movement, adjustable declination, a sighting mirror or prism for precise bearings, luminous markings for low light, and a durable water- and shock-resistant housing. Weight and mounting options (wrist, handheld, or baseplate) matter for comfort during activity

Budget compasses suitable for casual use and basic navigation typically cost under $50; mid-range models with better materials, declination adjustment, and sighting tools commonly fall between $50 and $150; specialized precision or professional compasses can be higher. Price often reflects build quality, accuracy features, and added accessories

Avoid exposing the compass to strong magnetic fields, extreme temperatures, or prolonged direct sunlight; store it flat in a protective case, clean with a soft cloth, and check for air bubbles or sticky needle behavior that indicate damage. If the compass has adjustable declination or moving parts, check and tighten those periodically according to the manufacturer's instructions

Metal objects and electronic devices produce local magnetic fields that can deflect the needle and cause inaccurate readings; keep the compass several feet away from radios, phones, metal carabiners, and stoves when taking a bearing. When using a compass on a packed backpack with metal frames, remove the compass or separate it from metal to verify readings

Magnetic declination is the angle between magnetic north and true north at your location; adjustable declination lets you set that offset so bearings align directly with map north. If you plan to navigate with topographic maps, a compass with declination adjustment simplifies calculations and reduces errors

Compare the compass bearing to a known reference such as a GPS-derived azimuth or a map bearing from a landmark; spin the compass slowly to check for a stiff or sticky needle and verify consistent readings in multiple orientations. Repeat tests away from metal and electronics to isolate any local interference